Error

An Error is a human action or mistake that leads to a defect or bug in the software. This is the root cause of a defect, often a lapse in judgment, a misunderstanding of requirements, or a simple typo during coding.

Example: A developer mistakenly writes a line of code that compares a user's password in plain text instead of using a secure, encrypted hash. This human Error introduces a defect into the system, which could lead to a failure if exploited by a malicious actor.